The mission of the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory (MEL) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is to promote innovation and the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturing through measurement science, measurement services, and critical technical contributions to standards. The MEL is organized in five divisions: Intelligent Systems, Manufacturing Metrology, Manufacturing Systems Integration, Precision Engineering, and Fabrication Technology. A panel of experts appointed by the National Research Council (NRC) assessed the first four divisions. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 The Charge to the Panel and the Assessment Process 2 Intelligent Systems Division 3 Manufacturing Metrology Division 4 Manufacturing Systems Integration Division 5 Precision Engineering Division 6 Overall Conclusions