A panel of experts appointed by the National Research Council assessed the scientific and technical work of the Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The scope of the assessment included the following criteria: (1) the technical merit of the current laboratory programs relative to the current state of the art worldwide; (2) the adequacy of the laboratory facilities, equipment, and human resources, as they affect the quality of the laboratory technical programs; and (3) the degree to which the laboratory programs in measurement science and standards achieve their stated objectives and desired impact. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 The Charge to the Panel and the Assessment Process 2 Measurement Science for Net-Zero Energy, High-Performance Buildings 3 Measurement Science for Advancing Infrastructure Delivery 4 Measurement Science for Sustainable Infrastructure Materials 5 Measurement Science for Disaster-Resilient Structures and Communities 6 Measurement Science for Innovative Fire Protection 7 Overarching Issues 8 Overall Conclusions